Dynamoelectric apparatus and method of making the same



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April 21, 1953 Filed aan. 21, 1948 April 21, 1953 o. E. ANDRUs DYNAMOELECTRIC APPARATUS AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2 Filed Jan. 21, 1948 ...E MT

Orrin E .Andz'u INVENTOR BVZM; 24M

ATTORNEY Patented Apr. 2l, 1953 DYNAMOELECTRIC APPARATUS AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME Orrin E. Andrus, Altadena, Calif., assignor to A. 0. Smith Corporation, corporation of New York Milwaukee, Wis., a

Application January 21, 1948, Serial No. 3,385

11 Claims.

proposal of the invention is to sheath the wind- J ings and end coils of an electromagnetic device, such as a stator, in substantially pliable rubber and to confine the rubber by an enclosing shield Aof suitable material clamped over each. end coil assembly of the stator and pulled up'until the rubber is conned sufficiently to insure that substantially no voids exist within the casing.

Openings in the stator should be of such small cross-section that the rubber will close the openings and be prevented from excessively pushing out through the openings when the enclosure member is nally located.

Fluid in contact at the openings with the rubber only effects a swelling of the rubber a predetermined amount as the rubber is retained within :3

the shield. A perfect seal of the windings result before failure of the rubber is reached.

By restraining the rubber-'against swelling a predetermined amount the rubber exposed through openings does not push out into the uid in which the motor is operating and deteriorate and crumble ofi withY consequent failure of the motor. I"

The principal object of the present invention is to provide electromagnetic apparatus that will not fail when exposed to water or mixtures of water and other liquidslsuch as hydrocarbons, as in the case of gasoline containing moisture.

Another object is to provide an electromagnetic apparatus in which rubber sheathing on the windings is restrained against swelling over a predetermined vamount upon contact with liquids to prevent electrical breakdown of the apparatus in service.

Another object is yto provide a stator capable of use'submerged in a liquid such as oil. f

.A further object is to provide a seal of longer life for motor windings.

A further object is to provide rubber sheathed ,stator windings under mechanical confinement of a nature that prevents deterioration of the rubber upon exposure.

A further object is to provide a method of sheathing motor windings in rubber and confining the same, that prevents deterioration of the rubber and seals the winding for use in oil and the like at operating temperatures.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will appear hereinafter in connection with the accompanying drawings in which:

Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a stator with form wound windings constructed in accordance with the invention;

Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a form wound coil;

Fig. 3 is a detailed enlarged the stator slots of Figure 1; A

Fig. 4 is a detail section broken out of a stator and showing tubes enclosing the windings in a stator slot together with the joint between the tube and the rubber covering of the end coil and lead wires;

Fig. 5 is an enlarged section of a stator slot in which the conductors of the windings are sheathed in lapped rubber sheathing; and

Fig. 6 is an enlarged section of a stator slot of Fig. 4.

y Referring to the drawings, the dynamo-electric apparatus there shown to illustrate the invention comprises a stator formed of a plurality of stacked laminations l suitably held together. Each lamination is provided with the slots 2 at the inner periphery thereof and the slots of -the respective laminations are longitudinally aligned to receive the stator windings 3 having the ex`- posed coils 4 at the respective ends thereof.

The windings 3 within the body of the stator and the end coils @are completely surrounded or enveloped by a resilient material such as lthe rubber 5. The rubber may be applied to the windings and end coils by a number of diierent ways such as by wrapping, molding and the like or the stator may be constructed so that'the windings can be inserted in'a rubber tube.

Figure l illustrates a stator that has been provided with form wound windings, an' individual coil 5 of which is shown in Fig. 2. The coil 6 comprises a plurality of wires suitably insulated from each other and wound or covered with rubber that has been vulcanized thereto. The rubber sheathes the conductors of the coil in a continuous fluid-tight rubber jacket.

Each coil 6 is shaped to form spaced parallel windings 3 connected by end coils 4. The windings 3 are disposed` in slots 2 as illustrated in section of one of 6 assembled therein. The slot is of generallyv rectangular shape and is lined with a generally heavy paper liner sheet l, or the like, which isV lapped at the mouth of the slot. rlhe slot stick 8 is disposed in a groove in the .mouth ofthe slot to close the slot and hold the windings in place. A parting strip 9 may separate the conductors of windings 4 about midway of the slot.

Fig. illustrates another manner of enclosing the windings. The rubber 5 is applied in sheet form and lines the wall of slot 2. The sheet is lapped at the'base of the slot and held in place by the slot stick 8. The conductors of the wind'- ings 3 areseparated by the parting strip 9 which isi disposed approximately midway of the slot. The windings` here are not form wound as in Figs; 1, 2, and 3, but the conductors thereof Withinslots 2 are suitably insulated and completely enveloped in the rubber 5.

The rubber 5 when applied in sheet form as illustrated in Fig. 5 may be either. inserted in the longitudinal slots 2 before winding 3 is inserted therein, or it may be wrapped upon the Winding and even vulcanized thereto before the winding 3 is inserted in slots 2. In any event the overlapping edges should be glued and cemented together with suitable cement. In some cases the rubber is vulcanized after the rubber sheath is applied.

Figillustrates rubber E when inthe form ofV a tube. A single tube cfrubber may be employed, or as shown in Fig. 6, a parir oi rubber tubes 5 may enclose an equal-number oi conductors of windings 3 within the slots 2. The rubber tubes 5 are separated by the parting strip 9, and the slot which is of generally rectangular shape is lined with liner sheet 1. The sheet 'i islapped at the mouth of the slot 2 Vand held in place together with the windings s by the slot stick 8. Where tubes, such as those shown in Fig. 6, are employed the tubes are first placed in their respective slotY and the conductors of the Winding then drawn therethrough. The rubber tubes 5 completely envelop the windings 3 throughout the full length oi the slots.

In the case of the` form wound windings 3 illustrated by thecoil 6 in Fig. 2, the conductors in the slots as wellas the end coilsvll are completely enclosed in a continuous rubber jacket. In` order to insure that there are no air spaces around the end coils additional rubber 5 is packed around the end coils i in sheet form or rubber may be extruded around the coils through the enclosing shield It after the latter has been applied. The shield Ii) will be described more fully hereinafter.

lin the case of the windings 3 illustrated in Figs. 4, 5 and 6, the end coils i and conductors are not initially covered with a continuous rubber jacket. With such windings after the conu ductors `have'been assembled within the slots, the end coils 4 are taped with rubber 5. This rubber 5 'may bein sheet form or extruded rubber as previously described. Ordinarily the end coils 4 are taped with rubberV and rubber may be 4 packed between the wires or extruded in after shield i0 is applied.

Under this method of covering the end coils with rubber, the overlapping joint between the rubber 5 covering the conductors and rubber 5 enclosing the end coils should be glued or cementedtogether to avoid any possible leakage or failure. rIhis isparticularly so where the rubber is applied in sheet form. The cement should be chosen according to the rubber employed. Where natural rubber compounds are used the cement may be one that can be vulcanized in which case it becomes set by vulcanizing the parts under suitable pressures and at the required temperature.

The shield H3 is of cupped shape or of U crosssection and the respective end portions thereof are curved to fit closely around the end coils 4 and abut against the end of the stacked laminations l of the stator. The shield iii is preferably formed'of two similarly shaped members joined together at the inner end by the weld ll cir,.- cumferentially of the stator. The shield is ci metal or other suitable material capable of withstanding the'rtemperatures and liquidsto `which the stator will be subjected. It also has a physical strength to confine rubber.

The two halves of shield lli are assembled over the respective end coils d andpulled together, until' the rubber 'surrounding the end coils is confined. The Weld i l then is made to join the parts of the shield lil together.

Although the rubber 5 may beconfined under pressure'frorn shield lli,- this is not essential if the rubber. housing is initially fluid tight. Where the rubber' is continuous throughout the conductors and coils. as in the case of iorm wound coil. 6, the initial pressure need` not be applied to the rubber by shield it. Vcids or air pockets should not be large enough to release the pres,- sure upon swelling'of the rubber and result in a deterioration of the rubber to a point of failure.

However, initial pressure from shield I0 should be employed if the rubber housing around the windings 3 andend coils is formed fluid tight by pressure at the joints as ordinarily is the case with the windings and end coils illustrated in Figs. 4, 5 and 6. In the latter case the initial pressure applied .by shieldv il) should be suiiicient to. substantially eliminate voids.

In a cemented or vulcanized rubber sheath as in the case of. form wound` coils the shield-lll is assembled around the end coils in a manner to retain the rubber'against swelling sufciently to.;eiect deterioration of the rubber and result in leakage of, moisture through the rubber 5 to the wires. Here exertion of initial pressure on the rubber by shield le is optional.

In a mechanically-sealed rubber sheath, .where cement .and vulcanization may not be employed, suiicient; initial. pressure-should be Vapplied on rubber 5 by shield Ii) to mechanically seal the joints in the rubber envelope'against leakage of moisture to the wires.

The shield l0 isalso preferably glued to the rubber 5 around the end coils withsome form or rubber cement. A good method is to coat the rubber thickly: with cement priorV to `applying the shields. Another method is to apply the shields l0 to the ends of the statork and then force a comparatively plasticrubber throughan opening in each shield under'suiiicient pressure to completely iill all air spaces between the shield and the corresponding end coils 4, after which theV rubber may` be vulcanized. Bressure may be continued'on the rubber mass through a suitable opening in the shield I0 during vulcanization to aid the vulcanizing process.

When the shield I0 is located in final position only a fine radial crack or opening I2 remains between each end of the shield and the corresponding end of the stator laminations. The radial openings I2 are closed by rubber 5 and the rubber does not normally extend through the cracks or openings I2. Rubber 5 completely fills all spaces within shield I0 so that there is substantially no air space therein.

With rubber 5 under confinement by shield I0 any liquid coming into contact with the rubber at the radial openings I2 merely effects a slight swelling of the rubber upon absorption of some of the liquid until further swelling is prevented by shield I0. The exposed rubber being fully retained or coniined does not push out into liquid or atmosphere where it is subject to deterioration and crumbles off. The confined rubber provides a perfect seal for the windings and prevents injury thereto by oil, water and solvents at working temperatures.

Various types of leads may be employed with the invention. The drawings, Figure 1, illustrate one means of bringing in rubber covered leads I3 and confining both the rubber 5 of the leads and the stator so that the conductors thereof will be covered with a continuous fluidtight rubber jacket that will not deteriorate from excessive absorption of rubber swelling fiuids, such as mineral oils.

The shield I0 is provided with a split flange I4 around a suitable opening through which leads I3 covered with rubber 5 enter. The leads are applied to the end coil 4 before shield I0 is assembled therein.

The leads I3 are confined in the interlocking armour I5 which extends within fiange I4. The inner surfaces of flange I4 may be shaped to conform with the surface of the armour. A split clamp I6 is disposed around fiange I4 and held together by suitable bolts to force flange I4 against armour I5 and confine the rubber-covered lead from swelling any appreciable amount. The rubber 5 of leads I3 is cemented and vulcanized to the rubber 5 surrounding the end coils.

The invention provides a novel seal for motor windings. The expansion of the rubber beyond a predetermined amount upon absorption of some of' the liquid with which it comes in contact is prevented by the enclosing shield I0 and the manner of confining leads I3. The rubber 5 at all times seals the windings against passage of moisture thereto and the rubber lasts indefinitely whenretained against swelling even though exposed to hydrocarbons or other solvents in service.

The term rubber as employed herein has reference to synthetic and natural rubber and elastomers and includes natural rubber, polyvinyl chloride acetate resins, polyesters, organic polysulphides, butadiene styrene copolymers, and chloroprene polymers and the like.

Various embodiments of the invention may be employed within the scope of the accompanying claims.

I claim:

l. In electromagnetic apparatus having insulated windings adapted to be submerged in a duid medium tending to act as a solvent to swell and break down the insulation, a relatively strong shield enclosing the insulation on said windings and fitting tightly around the same to confine the insulation, the insulation being of rubber and being cemented to eliminate joints therein, and said shield applying an initial pressure thereto to prevent injurious swelling and deterioration of the rubber upon contact with the fluid medium.

2. In electromagnetic apparatus having insulated windings adapted to be submerged in a fiuid medium tending to act as a solvent to swell and break down the insulation, a relatively strong metal shield enclosing the insulation on said windings and fitting tightly around the same to confine the insulation, the insulation being of rubber and being substantially free from voids and air pockets so that said shield serves to prevent injurious swelling and deterioration of the rubber upon contact with the fluid medium.

3. In electromagnetic apparatus for use submerged in liquids and provided with stacked laminations having longitudinal slots therethrough. windings disposed in said slots, a resilient material capable of resisting moisture and high temperature disposed in said slots and enveloping said windings, similar resilient material covering the end turns of said windings, and a shield enclosing said windings and confining the resilient material under pressure with said material filling substantially all air spaces between the shield and windings.

4. In electromagnetic apparatus for use submerged in liquids and provided with stacked laminations having longitudinal slots therethrough, windings disposed in said slots and having exposed end coils, pliable rubber capable of resisting moisture and high temperature disposed in said slots and enveloping said windings, a shield enclosing said end coils, and pliable rubber surrounding said end coils and completely iilling all spaces between the shield and coils, said rubber being adapted to expand a predetermined amount within the shield upon contact with fiuid to seal all approaches to the windings.

5. In electromagnetic apparatus for use submerged in liquids and provided with stacked laminations having longitudinal slots therethrough, windings disposed in said slots and having exposed end coils, pliable rubber sheeting lining said slots and overlapped at the top of each slot to completely envelop said windings, a slot stick disposed in grooves across the top of each slot and confining the windings within the enclosing rubber sheeting, a shield enclosing said end coils, and pliable rubber surrounding said end coils and filling substantially all spaces between the shield and coils with the rubber under pressure from said shield, said rubber being adapted to expand a predetermined amount within the shield upon contact with fiuid to seal all approaches to the wmoings.

5. In an electric motor adapted to be submerged in a deteriorating fiuid medium, a plurality of stacked lamina-tions, motor windings mounted in said laminations and having exposed end coils, insulating material disposed around said end coils in a substantially void-free manner, said insulating material being adapted to swell when contacted by said fluid medium, and a shield disposed tightly around said insulating material and having strength to prevent excessive swelling thereof, said shield having relatively small openings therearound to admit said fluid medium into contact with said insulating material and thereby effect swelling thereof into sealing engagement `with said shield.

assess? 17.. An electric Vinotor stator adaptedto be sub-:- merged in mineral oilsand other fluid mediums having'a tendency to swell and deteriorate rub-V ber, comprising a stack of annular stator laminations, motor windings mounted in said laminations and having exposed coils at each end'of said stack, rubber insulating material completely surrounding said exposed end coils in a manner to eliminate voids therearound, a pair of strong metal shields having generally U-shaped cross sections and disposed tightly over said rubber insulating material to conne the same against excessive swelling, one legv of each shield being disposed a slight distance from the corresponding end of said stack for admission of said iiuid medium into contact with the rubber, the other leg of each shield being tted over said stack andterminating adjacent the corresponding leg of the opposite shield, and a Weld joiningY said corresponding last-named legs of said shields.

8. In electromagnetic apparatus adapted to be submerged in a fluid medium tending to act as a solvent to swell and break down the insulation, a plurality of windings, rubber insulationv disposed around said windings in a substantially voidfree manner, and a shield enclosing said insulation and fitting tightly therearound, said shield being ofY sufficient strength to confine the insulation against any substantial swelling upon Contact with the fluid medium in which the apparatus is employed.

9. In eleotromagnetic apparatus adapted to be submerged in a duid medium, a plurality of windings having exposed end coils, resilient insulating material surrounding said end coils, and a shield enclosing the insulating material and end coils and tting tightly therearound, said shield applying an initial pressure to the insulating material to substantially eliminate air pockets and voids inside the shield, and said insulating mate rial being adapted to expand a predetermined amount within the shell upon Contact with fluid medium to seal all approaches to the windings with increased pressure oi the insulating material on theV windings' and V'shield as :theinsuating materi'alexpands in cont'aotwith said'fluid ine-.-

dium. v

10. The method of making electromagnetic apparatus having windings with exposed. coils ,at opposite ends thereof', comprising enclosing said end coils with substantially pliable rubber, mov-A Ving a pair of casing members into engagement with said rubber with suiicient pressure to eliminate air spaces' and voids therein, and permanently securing said casing members in said pressure position to confine the iubbei'against `excessive swelling upon contact with a'deteriorating fluid medium. i 11. The method of making electromagnetic ap-v paratus having stacked laininations and; longitudinal slots to receive windings having exposed end coils, the steps which comprise wrapping said windings in rubber sheeting to completely enclose the same, covering said end coilswith rubber, ir1'-' serting saidy Wrapped windings `in the slots but leaving the wrapped en'd coils exposed, movinga pair of'casing members into engageinerit'with said last-named rubberv with suineient pressure to eliminate air spaces andv voids therein, 'and welding said casing mem. ers in said pressure poisition to oonne the rubber' against excessive swelling'upon contact with a deteriorating fluid medium.

ORRIN E. Annaud j References cits in the nie, fuss 'patent' Y UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name i Date 1,425,308 Woock et al. Aug. 8, 1922 1,930,797 Gold et al Oct. 17, 1933 2,124,610 Dolgof July 26, 1938 2,428,816 Sigmund et al Oct.14,l947

, FOREIGN earitrrrsA y i;

Number Country Date' 283,921 Great Britain Sept. 20,1928 451,776 Great Britain Aug. 11,1936 

